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ResearchOctober 6, 2026

Proxy Confidence: Auditing Black-Box LLM Agents with a Surrogate's Log-Probabilities

A deployed LLM agent emits tool calls, queries, and code that can be silently wrong -- by the time the error surfaces, the action has run. Frontier chat APIs hide the model's token probabilities; the agent's stated confidence barely beats chance on the mistakes that matter; and…

Yikai Zhao, Saurabh Pandey, Pradeep Kumar Misra·arXiv — cs.AI
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Key Takeaways
  • 01.A deployed LLM agent emits tool calls, queries, and code that can be silently wrong -- by the time the error surfaces, the action has run
  • 02.Frontier chat APIs hide the model's token probabilities; the agent's stated confidence barely beats chance on the mistakes that matter; and…

This material is provided as an extended analytical summary.

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Aggregated within AI Qazaqstan national intelligence stream with author attribution.

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